LEGITIMACY VERSUS INDUSTRIALISM BY BERTRAND RUSSELL 1814-1848 INTRODUCTION This book contains the first half of a book called Freedom Organization, 1814-19141 published in 1934. The second half of this book will be reprinted under the title, Freedom versus Organization, 1776-1914. The half of this book which is here reprinted deals first with conventional diplomacy from the Congress of Vienna to the out break of revolutions in 1848, a period during which European Governments remained aristocratic, reactionary, and traditional, representing in the main the interests of landowners. It then passes to the new antiaristocratic outlook inspired by indus trialism, from Malthtis to Marx. This outlook expressed, at first, the interests of employers, but afterwards that of wage earners. Of this new outlook, official diplomacy remained ignorant. The second half of the original book, now a separate volume, leals first with the growth and new importance of the United States and then with the official relations of European States to the outbreak of war in 1914, showing a close resemblance to the Congress of Vienna in spite of aft, the vast changes in the world during the intervening century. Throughout both books one constant theme is the fluctuating fortunes of liberalism. Liberalism, as inherited from the eighteenth century, was an individualistic doctrine. It believed in the Rights of Man and a mimmurn of governmental interference. Its ideal was a population of peasant proprietors and handicrafts men.